In 1956, at independence, Tunisia enacted a personal status code that changed a great deal about marriage and family law relative to the regional norm: abolishing polygamy, requiring divorce through a court rather than unilateral declaration, and setting a minimum marriage age.

Yes. Tunisia amended its nationality law to allow mothers to transmit Tunisian nationality, with subsequent amendments broadening the right. Tunisia is in the early group regionally, alongside Morocco's 2007 reform, Iraq's 2006 and Iran's 2019, while in Lebanon mothers still cannot transmit.

Because a child's nationality is determined by the relationship between its parents: whether the marriage was registered, whether the birth was validly recorded, whether the mother had legal standing to register it. In many countries children lack nationality not because nationality law forbids it but because their parents lack valid documents to register a birth. Reforming nationality law without family law may never reach the people who need it.

The economy has been through prolonged difficulty with high youth unemployment, rising public debt, currency pressure and inflation. There is significant emigration of educated young people. Tunisia is also a major transit point on Mediterranean migration routes and international organisations have raised concerns about the treatment of migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Domestic politics has seen major institutional change in recent years.

Yes, Tunisia permits dual citizenship.

Tourism is a major foreign currency earner, alongside textiles, electronic and automotive components for European supply chains, olive oil — Tunisia is among the world's largest olive oil exporters — plus phosphates and dates. Proximity to Europe is a genuine advantage given short distances to Italian and French ports.

Tunisia operates export processing zones and regimes for export-oriented enterprises, the most realistic route for anyone manufacturing for European supply chains. Other categories in law include work permits, residence through marriage and residence tied to business activity.

No. If anyone offers you Tunisian citizenship by investment, stop — no such programme exists.