British overseas territories
Passport: British passport (British Overseas Territories Citizen, convertible to full British passport)
Caribbean's largest offshore financial center. Issues permanent residency certificate for real estate or local business investment, with a separate track for business founders. NO personal income tax, capital gains tax, or inheritance tax. Key point: this is RESIDENCY, not passport. After years of residency, you can apply for overseas territories citizenship then convert to British passport — a long road, not instant.
Passport: British passport (British Overseas Territories Citizen)
Economic Investment Certificate program launched from 2021: invest in real estate, business, or local trust funds to obtain certificate, then apply for permanent residency. No personal income tax but employer-paid payroll tax. Cost of living among world's highest — often omitted from sales materials.
Passport: British passport (British Overseas Territories Citizen)
Two tracks: permanent residency via real estate investment, and tax residency program for those committing to annual tax payment. No income tax, no capital gains tax, no inheritance tax. Very small island, under twenty thousand residents, better suited as tax residency base than year-round home.
Passport: British passport (British Overseas Territories Citizen)
Known more for offshore company registration than residency. No personal income tax. Getting permanent residency here is harder and slower than Cayman or Anguilla, with no expanded investment programs like those two offer. If residency is your goal, this isn't the most practical choice in this group.
Passport: British passport (British Overseas Territories Citizen)
Issues permanent residency certificate via real estate or business investment, with different requirements by island — Providenciales higher than others. No income tax, no capital gains tax. Luxury tourism sector booming.
Passport: Full British passport (British Citizen)
Markedly different from the Caribbean group: Gibraltar residents hold a FULL British passport, not an overseas territory passport. There's a Category 2 scheme for high-net-worth individuals: income tax is capped at a fixed annual ceiling, in exchange for meeting residency requirements in Gibraltar. With an area just over 6 km2, qualifying real estate is severely limited. After Brexit, Gibraltar is no longer part of the European Union.
Under the British Crown
Passport: British Passport (Channel Islands)
Program 2(1)(e) for high-net-worth individuals: requires a substantial annual minimum tax contribution plus purchasing high-value property. Income tax is fixed at a low rate on income above the threshold. Very few permits are issued annually. Jersey is not part of the European Union and not administratively part of the United Kingdom.
Passport: British Passport (Channel Islands)
Open Market mechanism: non-residents can only purchase property on the Open Market list (limited quantity), and buying such property grants residency rights. There's an annual income tax ceiling. Like Jersey, not part of the European Union.
Passport: British Passport (Isle of Man)
No formal residency-by-investment program, but those with proven financial self-sufficiency and purchasing property on the island may apply for residency. There's an annual income tax ceiling. Located between England and Ireland with convenient travel to the British Isles.
Under the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Passport: Dutch Passport
Major distinction: residents hold a DUTCH PASSPORT, meaning an EU passport — significantly stronger than the British overseas territory passport. Residency permits are issued to investors in local businesses or those demonstrating financial self-sufficiency. However, residency in Aruba does NOT automatically grant the right to live in the Netherlands or other EU countries — this is the most common misunderstanding.
Passport: Dutch Passport
Like Aruba, residents hold a Dutch passport. There's a residency-by-real-estate-investment track with various tiers, with the highest tier granting unlimited residency permits. Like Aruba, residency here does not grant rights to live in the Netherlands or the EU.
Territory of the United States
Passport: United States Passport
Those born in Puerto Rico are U.S. citizens and hold a U.S. passport. This is NOT an immigration program — foreign nationals cannot relocate to Puerto Rico while bypassing U.S. immigration law. What draws attention here is the Act 60 tax incentive package for those who are already U.S. citizens or permanent residents relocating their tax residency there. If you don't already have U.S. status, Puerto Rico won't help.
Three groups, three different stories
British overseas territories — Cayman, Bermuda, Anguilla, BVI, Turks and Caicos. Residents carry a British Overseas Territories passport overseas territory, weaker than a full British passport. After years of residence you may apply for territorial citizenship and then move to a full British passport — a long road, not something you buy. The real draw is tax: most have no personal income tax, capital gains tax or inheritance tax.
Gibraltar, Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man — different from the group above on one important point: the passport here is a near-full British one, giving the right to live and work in the UK.
Aruba, Curaçao — residents carry Dutch passports, meaning EU passports, far stronger than the British group. But this is where people get it wrong most often: a residence permit issued by Aruba or Curaçao does not grant the right to live in the Netherlands or any other EU country. Two separate immigration systems under one kingdom.
Puerto Rico — not a migration program. This is US territory under US immigration law. The Act 60 tax incentives are only for people who already are already a US citizen or permanent resident. If you have no US status, Puerto Rico solves nothing.
Want one more passport really?
If your goal is wider travel, a territory is not the route. Look at citizenship programs, or residency that leads to citizenship.
See citizenship programs →We not accepting applications the routes on this page — this information is here so you see the full picture and are not mis-sold. Thresholds and terms change by government decision, so check with the relevant authorities before you decide. See closed programs →